01Can the State Switch Off the Internet? Constitutional Limits in Pakistan
A close reading of Articles 18, 19 and 19-A, telecom suspension powers, and the CM Pak litigation on mobile and data shutdowns.
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Articles
Focused explanations of judgments, legislation, procedure and institutional developments across Pakistan's legal system.
8 publications01
02The Right to Breathe: Climate Constitutionalism and Pakistan's Smog Duty
How Articles 9, 9A and 14, environmental statutes and a line of landmark judgments convert clean air and climate governance from policy preferences into enforceable public duties.
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03When Seeing Is No Longer Believing: Deepfakes in Pakistani Courts
How Pakistani evidence law should authenticate synthetic audio and video under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, PECA, and Supreme Court precedent.
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04Workplace Harassment After Nadia Naz: The 2022 Statute, Forum and Proof
A close analysis of Pakistan's expanded workplace harassment law, the Supreme Court's corrective judgment, and the practical rules governing forum, evidence and relief.
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05Your Phone Is Not an Open File: Privacy and State Surveillance in Pakistan
A constitutional and statutory analysis of telephone interception, communications data, judicial warrants, and the limits imposed by Articles 9 and 14.
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06Judicial Confessions: Voluntariness, Retraction, and the Discipline of Corroboration
How sections 164 and 364 CrPC and the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order regulate confession evidence, from police custody to retraction and corroboration.
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07Section 497 CrPC: The Logic of Post-Arrest Bail and Further Inquiry
A structured account of the prohibitory clause, the rule of bail in lesser offences, further inquiry, statutory exceptions, and principled refusal.
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08When Memory Enters the Dock: Identification Parades After Kanwar Anwaar Ali
Why a lawful lineup is only the first stage of testing eyewitness identification, and how Pakistani courts should examine memory, suggestion, and corroboration.
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