Digital evidence
Seeing is no longer enough.
A convincing video. A disputed voice. How courts can test what is real.
13 min read↗Independent legal writing · Pakistan
What does
the law
really say?
Clear explanations of Pakistan’s laws and judgments. The rule, the reasoning and the limits. Without losing you along the way.
Start hereEvidence in the age of AI
An image is a starting point.Proof is a separate question.
The visual explainer
It looks real.
Can it be trusted?
Follow a disputed video from the screen to the courtroom. See what must be checked, and why.
Deepfakes & digital evidence13 min read →
Serious about the law.
Considerate of the reader.
Begin with a question
What’s on
your mind?
A phone search. A bail hearing. The air outside.
Start with something concrete. We’ll take the law one idea at a time.
Plain language. Visual explanations. Linked authorities.
8 articles
Privacy
Your phone is not an open file.
What separates lawful access from an unrestricted search of your life.
12 min read↗Bail
Why bail is not the trial.
Section 497, further inquiry and the reasons that matter before a verdict.
13 min read↗Eyewitness evidence
An honest witness can be mistaken.
What a fair identification parade can establish, and what it cannot.
13 min read↗Confessions
Did they choose to speak?
Free choice, a truthful account and the evidence needed to tell them apart.
14 min read↗Digital rights
Who can switch off the internet?
The power to suspend a service, and the limits on using it.
12 min read↗Workplace rights
What makes a workplace hostile?
Gender-based harassment, a fair hearing and a remedy that is carried out.
13 min read↗Environment
When the air becomes unsafe.
A right to a healthy environment. Who has to act, and how do we check?
14 min read↗No article fits those filters.
Try a broader word, or return to the full reading list.
Inside the casebook
Beyond
the headline.
What happened? What did the court decide? And how far does that decision go?
Explore all 8 case notesPLD 2016 SC 808Supreme Court of Pakistan
Mustafa Impex
Who is the Federal Government?
Facts, holding & reasoningPLD 2018 SC 595Supreme Court of Pakistan
Sughran Bibi
One incident. More than one version.
Facts, holding & reasoningPLD 2019 SC 261Supreme Court of Pakistan
Khadija Siddiqui
When an acquittal misreads the evidence.
Facts, holding & reasoningThe longer argument
Some questions
need more room.
Judicial review24 min read
When should a court step in?
The case for strong judicial review, and the discipline that keeps it within the law.
Read the essayArticle 10-A32 min read
What makes a hearing fair?
More than a chance to speak. The safeguards, evidence and remedies behind a constitutional promise.
Read the paperWatch HTLAW
A case.
A story.
A closer look.
Prefer to listen? Follow the people, the evidence and the decisions behind the case.
Explore the video library
A note on the writing
Clear doesn’t
mean simplistic.
A useful explanation should help you understand the rule and recognise its limits. Here, the sources stay close, the difficult parts stay visible, and the reasoning gets room to breathe.
Hyder Talpur HTLAW
worth understanding.